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Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to the abnormality of kidney structure and function (including abnormal blood, urine, histology and imaging examination) within 3 months of disease course. resulting in clinical syndromes with different clinical manifestations.

In recent years, some new and more sensitive biomarkers of AKI have been discovered in clinical and laboratory studies, which can not only diagnose AKI before serum creatinine rises, but also provide help for the etiological diagnosis of AKI.

NGAL        The best index for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury

CYS-C     The best endogenous index of glomerular filtration rate

β2-MG      Monitoring indicators of proximal tubule function

MAU         Sensitive indicator of early or mild kidney injury

β2 Microglobulin (β2-MG)

The synthesis rate of β2-MG in healthy people is very stable, and it is only decomposed and excreted by the kidneys, and is not affected by factors such as age, gender, and muscle. The increase of β2-MG in plasma reflects the impairment of glomerular filtration function or the increase of filtration load; the increase of β2-MG in urine indicates the increase of renal tubular damage or load.

Clinical application of blood β2-MG：

- For estimation of renal function disorders

 a. Assessment of renal impairment in hypertension and  diabetes

 b. Dynamic observation and diagnosis of renal transplant rejection

- Prognosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of malignant tumor diseases

- Autoimmune disease assessment and efficacy monitoring

Clinical application value of urinary β2-MG

- Sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of proximal convoluted tubule damage

- For the identification of upper and lower urinary tract infections

- Used to determine rejection of kidney transplantation, and a marked increase is seen several days before rejection  

Applicable departments: 

Nephrology, emergency, interventional, ICU, cardiology, surgery